Eucalyptus Cultivation Project Report, Cost, and Profits

Eucalyptus is a rapidly growing tree. Its size varies from medium to tall reaching 20 to 50 meters in height and up to 2 meters in diameter approximately. The trees are periodically cut at the ground level to stimulate growth (coppicing) and containing a wide range of soil and climatic flexibility. Because of their predictable growth and adaptability to climate and usefulness, Eucalyptus trees are increasing and have been regarded as important trees for man’s development. Annual rainfall of 800 mm is preferred. The species grow under a broad range of climatic and soil conditions from temperate to hot, sub-humid to damp, and from good to degraded soils. The genus Eucalyptus was first described and named by the French botanist L.Hertitie. Several species occur naturally in the landmass of Papua, Eucalyptus plantations occupy more than four million hectares in 58 countries.

Morphological Characters of Eucalyptus: Leathery texture leaves hang obliquely or vertically, and are studded with glands containing a fragrant volatile oil. The flowers are covered with a cup-like membrane (where the name of the genus is derived from the Greek Eucalyptus), which is thrown off like a lid when the flower expands. The fruit is surrounded by a woody cup-shaped receptacle and contains numerous minute seeds. The trees grow quickly and many species reach a greater height. E amygdalin (Labille) is the tallest tree, reaches as much as 480 feet, exceeding the height of the Californian Big Tree (Sequoia gigantea). Most of the species give valuable timber. Many species of Eucalyptus trees yielding essential oils and the foliage of some being more odorous than that of others. The oils from the various species differ from each other

Varieties around 170 species of Eucalyptus were tried in India. E. Hybrid, a form of E. tereticornis called Mysore gum was the most outstanding and favored species. It is fastgrowing, capable of over-topping weeds and coppices well. It has the ability to adapt to a wide range of edapho climatic conditions. E. Grandis, E. citriodora, E. globulus, and E. camaldulensis are the other species that are grown on a plantation scale. State Forest Departments and Forest Development Corporation planted Eucalyptus over 1,000,000 hectares. In addition to this, around 6,000 million seedlings have been planted in private lands.

In general, the “forest trees” are single-stemmed and a minor proportion forms the crown out of the height of the whole tree. Even though the woodland tree has a branch at a short distance above the ground level, “Woodland trees” are singlestemmed. High temperature is required for Eucalyptus trees, however, some species like E. Neglecta and E. Crenulata, will tolerate semi-shaded areas. They become accustomed well to a wide range of soils, from hot and dry sites to slightly wet as long as the area is well-drained. Plant Eucalyptus fall in mid to late spring or fall, depending on the location and climate. Should water the tree both before and after planting. While planting, there’s no need to spread out the roots, as it could damage roots whil4 planting, as it should damage their sensitive root system. Backfill the area and lightly fill the soil to remove air pockets if any. 1. Climate: Climate Required for Eucalyptus Farming: Eucalyptus can be grown in a large variety of climatic conditions. However, it grows best in tropical to temperate climatic areas. In India, the Eucalyptus trees can be grown in regions with temperatures ranging from 0°C to 47°C. 2. Temperature: Another set of clones was accumulated in a shade house where temperatures ranging between 10 and 25 C and with a mean temperature of 15 C approximately. Plants with less photosynthetic rates were grown at 25/30 C have lower net when measured at 10 and 20 C.

Eucalyptus is a rapid growing, medium-sized to tall tree attaining 20- 50m in height and up to 2m in diameter. It is a strongly coppicing tree possessing a wide range of soil and climatic adaptability. Eucalyptus is well known for its drought hardiness, even though annual rainfall of 800 mm is preferred. It grows under a wide range of climatic or soil conditions from warm to hot, sub-humid to humid, and from good to degraded soils.

In India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Karnataka cultivates this in 1,32,000 hectares of land.

The growing stock and yield in the Eucalyptus plantation vary considerably depending on the site, the edapho-climatic conditions, and the inputs. The potential productivity is around 5 tons of biomass on average, but the average production is some 2.5 tons per hectare per year. The average yield for the private plantations is much higher.Hor ticul ture Top 17 Steps to Boost Ber Fruit/Yield/Jujube: How to Increase Production, Size, Quality, and Tips The Ber is also called Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana). Ber fruit is native to India. The Ber tree is a branched, thorny deciduous tree with a spreading crown, which grows to about 45 feet. It is widely cultivated for its fruits. Fruit production depends on variety, agro-climatic conditions, tree age, and management methods. Let’s check out the top 17 steps to boost Ber Fruit/ Yield/Jujube below

Ber is grown from seeds and other plant sources. Storing the seeds for more than four months, or staining the seeds, helps in better germination. The seeds need full sunlight for germination. Ber grows in various soils, tolerate extreme temperatures, and thrives in dry conditions. There are several cultivated varieties of Ber in India, so it is difcult to identify the true wild species. Two methods of propagating Ber trees are seed propagation and vegetative propagation. Seed propagation involves collecting seeds, preparing them, and applying them directly to the soil or compost. This method is straightforward; however, the growth, fruiting, and fruit quality of the grown trees cannot be guaranteed, and the time taken for the trees to reach the age is usually longer than that of trees propagated by plant methods.However, seed germination is often used to increase root reserves for plant growth. Therefore, seeds usually propagated Ber in earlier times. But the disadvantage of this seed method is the variability in seed breeding. Therefore, it is recommended to grow high-quality varieties through patch budding.

Planting in Ber is usually done at the beginning of the monsoon. A 60x60x60 cm pit is dug during the summer and relled after adding two baskets of farmyard manure and 50 grams of heptachlor dust to protect against termites.

Planting is done at a distance of 6 meters. Ber plants can be planted in irrigated areas from January to March.Annual pruning is necessary to produce a maximum number of new healthy shoots that will bear good quality fruit. Unwanted, weak, intercrossing, diseased, and broken branches are removed from time to time to encourage healthy growth for maximum fruit growth. Pruning is done in the dry season when the tree loses its leaves and enters dormancy. Spraying once every two days with 3% potassium nitrate before pruning induces bud sprouting from a maximum number of nodes

Excessive watering during the owering period causes the ower to drop in the Ber tree. Irrigation during this time can delay fruit ripening and prolong the ripening period. In addition, water pressure will cause immature fruit to fall. The problem of severe fruit drop in the eld is of great concern to the farmers of the eld. Premature fruit drop of about 50% of production in ‘Umran’ crop is a signicant problem that adversely affects farmers’ production and prot. The Ber crop bears only 8-9% fruit which can reach full maturity. Ber fruit does not usually drop physically; the drop is generally due to pathological reasons. However, due to environmental humidity and increased plant growth, some Ber may fruit drop in October-November. One spray of 10-20 ppm Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) will be.

Water is life for every plant, so it should be appropriately used to save water. No ooding should occur unless the plants cover the entire provided space. In June, apply the rst irrigation after harvesting for hoeing in tree basins and fertilize the eld yard. Irrigation should not be done in the rainy season. When there is drought, irrigate after planting. Then irrigate at monthly intervals till February. Fruits begin to ripen after March, and harvesting is almost complete in April. Irrigation should not be done during and after fruit harvest. Irrigation is also very benecial during hot weather and fruit development. Water pressure will cause the immature fruit to fall. India has been irrigated 35 times during the winter months. Zinc and boron sprays are sometimes applied to enhance the brightness of the fruit.

A fertilizer dose of 750 grams N/tree gives the highest yield, while 250 grams N and 250 grams P2O5 increase fruit production. Unfortunately, the application of potassium does not give any response in Ber trees. Therefore, Ber needs regular fertilizers and manures for good yields like other fruit trees. Step 10: Care for young plants Newly planted plants should be irrigated frequently at 7-10 days intervals depending on the day’s temperature. First, though, sprouts appearing on the trunk below the bud union must be regularly removed with sharp sectors. Protect young plants from insect attack.

Flowering times vary in India and are affected by climatic conditions. For example, in Maharashtra, Ber owering occurs in May-June, and fruits ripen in October; in Uttar Pradesh, owering occurs in September, and fruit ripens in February-April; in Rajasthan, owering occurs in September-October and fruits ripen in February-April. The owering period is 50-65 days, depending on the facts and weather conditions. Varieties vary greatly in fruit set (2-18%). The development of Ber can be divided into three stages. Active growth occurs during the rst six weeks and the last eight weeks. Growth is very slow over the middle eight weeks. The fruit grows more in diameter during the last stage and more in length during the rst stage.In the rst 2-to-3-year age after planting, the Ber trees are trained to develop a strong framework. Ber tree training is required to develop a strong framework during the rst 2-3 years. The tree ourished in the rst year, and many side branches sprouted from the main shoots and roots. All secondary branches up to 75 cm above the ground level should be tapped to form a straight main trunk.: Intercropping for good quality fruits:During the 2 to 3 years of tree age, the plants occupy the minimal area, and most of the land remains vacant. The vacant land should be used wisely while growing compatible crops. No crops should be grown in the Kharif season, so the Ber plants will need to be watered at Ber plants. Grow Rabi crops like Wheat, Gram, Maize, Massar, Barseem, Sarson, etc. After the rst two years, grow only toria or winter vegetables so that the eld is empty during March-April for easy harvesting of fruits. Large and long-growing crops like millet or sorghum should not be grown. Weed control for getting more fruits Perennial weeds such as Baru Grass, Dubh Grass, Parthenium, and Puthkanda raise their heads during tree growth. To check for perennial weeds, spray round-up (glyphosate) by 10ml / liter or Gramoxone by 6ml / liter when the weed grows properly (20-30 cm in height). Gramoxone can also be sprayed into tree basins. Choose a claim day for spray drift to the Ber foliage.